Performance Limitations of Wide‐Gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Jan Keller, Patrick Pearson, Nina Shariati Nilsson, Olof Stolt, Lars Stolt, Marika Edoff
Abstract
The effect of absorber stoichiometry in (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se 2 (ACIGS) solar cells with bandgaps ( E g ) > 1.40 eV is studied on a large sample set. It is confirmed that moving away in composition from ternary AgGaSe 2 by simultaneous reduction in Ga and Ag content widens the chalcopyrite single‐phase region and thereby reduces the amount of ordered vacancy compounds (OVCs). As a consequence, a distortion in current−voltage characteristics, ascribed to OVCs at the back contact, can be successfully avoided. A clear anticorrelation between open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) and short‐circuit current density ( J SC ) is detected with varying absorber stoichiometry, showing decreasing V OC and increasing J SC values for [I]/[III] > 0.9. Capacitance profiling reveals that the absorber doping gradually decreases toward stoichiometric composition, eventually leading to complete depletion. It is observed that only such fully depleted samples exhibit perfect carrier collection, evidencing a very low diffusion length in wide‐gap ACIGS films. The results indicate that OVCs at the surface play a minor or passive role for device performance. Finally, a solar cell with V OC = 0.916 V at E g = 1.46 eV is measured, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported for this bandgap to date.