Multi-Electrode Array Technologies for Neuroscience and Cardiology
Micha E. Spira, Aviad Hai
Abstract
At present, the prime methodology for studying neuronal circuit-connectivity, physiology and pathology under in vitro or in vivo conditions is by using substrate-integrated microelectrode arrays. A central goal of contemporary neuroscience is to understand the relationships between the functional connectivity-map of neuronal circuits and their physiological or pathological functions. Endogenous membrane properties as well as excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs regulate the firing patterns of individual neurons. To objectively evaluate the different approaches, we examine the principal achievements in relation to a list of biophysical parameters that are needed to decipher the functional connectivity map of a neuronal network. The approaches that at present reveal the best potential are: the bioinspired use of protruding electrodes that are engulfed by neurons, and the use of nanostructures that penetrate the plasma membrane in a similar way to classical sharp microelectrodes.