An electromagnetically actuated magneto-nanozyme mediated synergistic therapy for destruction and eradication of biofilm
Xinxin Ma, Longchen Wang, Peng Wang, Zihao Liu, Junnian Hao, Jianrong Wu, Guangyu Chu, Moran Huang, Lamar O. Mair, Chenyang Huang, Tiantian Xu, Tao Ying, Xiuzhen Tang, Yunfeng Chen, Xiaojun Cai, Yuanyi Zheng
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance and rapid reconstruction of biofilm pose great challenges to biofilm-associated infections. Magnetically actuated micro-/nanorobots have shown great prospects in various medical applications. In this work, an electromagnetically actuated magneto-nanozyme mediated synergistic therapy (EMST) was proposed and proved to have powerful potential to eradicate biofilm. The developed mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) with polyvalent iron (0, +2, and +3) simultaneously produce three kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS, including hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion) in the presence of H2O2, for catalytic bactericidal and degradation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilm. Driven by electromagnetic actuation system, the MNPs were assembled into microswarm to generate shear force and physically destroy biofilm like “sweeping robot”. In addition, the MNP microswarm generates magnetic hyperthermia under alternating magnetic field to promotes the production of ROS, which further improves the bactericidal effect. The excellent anti-infection effects of this EMST were also confirmed in mouse model of skin infection. Overall, this study provides an effective method for the elimination of biofilm infection by combining physical and chemical bactericidal effects.