Enhancing Fake News Detection Using BERT: A Comparative Analysis of Logistic Regression, RFC, LSTM and BERT
Alishba Ramzan, Raja Hashim Ali, Nisar Ali, Ayesha Khan
Abstract
The research analyzed how to identify fake news effectively, understanding the developing capabilities to differentiate between misinformation and the correct nature of news in today’s complex media environment. Numerous approaches were tested: mostly the ways of determining if a certain message is valid or false. With application of Logistic Regression, Random Forest and lastly LSTM models, the research has been able to achieve 98.7%, 98.8%, and 95% accuracies respectively, showing that these traditional and advanced techniques are very effective. However, it became apparent that these models performed poorly as soon as tested on a new dataset and the discrepancy was not being able to understand context while being trained. Understanding the context is the key in news identification, so the research turned to BERT, the Transformer model pre-trained with huge contextual data to perform this task. Drawing on its deep and diverse knowledge base, BERT has shown a remarkable aptitude for sorting news articles into fake/real categories based on their context. Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and LSTM models demonstrated that although they were able to build models that were highly accurate up to 99% on familiar data, their accuracy dropped disproportionately as soon as new data was given. BERT, despite having a lower overall accuracy of 84% demonstrated a better sensitivity to contextual nuances in the news data. Here, the importance of contextualized conception in the sphere of fake news detection should be emphasized as a way to take advantage of BERT’s complicated comprehension which is a promising alternative of more accurate and effective identification as the media landscapes of the modern times may be complex and diverse. Despite the fact that the classical models surpass in planned environments, BERT’s capability of contextualization made it irreplaceable for evidence as the news sources in uncommon circumstances can digress from base.