Degradation of paraquat herbicide using hybrid AOP process: statistical optimization, kinetic study, and estimation of electrical energy consumption
Azam Ghavi, Ghadamali Bagherian, Hadi Rezaei‐Vahidian
Abstract
Abstract Background This work studied the performance of UV/PS/TiO 2 NPs and UV/PI/TiO 2 NPs as hybrid advanced oxidation processes for degradation of paraquat in aqueous solution, because this very toxic herbicide is used third most widely. Results The effects of several factors such as UV irradiation, initial oxidant concentration, TiO 2 nanoparticles dosage, and pH on the degradation efficiency were investigated. The process optimization was performed by the central composite design as a tool of response surface methodology for 30 mgL −1 of the herbicide initial concentration at 25 ℃ and 40 min of degradation process. Based on the results, a degradation efficiency of 77% and 90% were obtained for the UV/PS/TiO 2 NPs and UV/PI/TiO 2 NPs processes, respectively, in the optimum conditions. The mineralization efficiency of the paraquat solution using UV/PS/TiO 2 NPs and UV/PI/TiO 2 NPs processes are about 32% and 55%, respectively, after 40 min. The kinetic studies show that both processes follow a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the kinetic constants are 0.0299 min −1 for the PS process and 0.0604 min −1 for the PI process. The electrical energy consumption was estimated to be about 481.60 kWhm −3 for the PS process and 238.41 kWhm −3 for the PI process. Conclusions The degradation and mineralization efficiency of the paraquat solution using the UV/PI/TiO 2 NPs process was more than that of the UV/PS/TiO 2 NPs process at the optimum conditions after 40 min.