Defect engineering of BCZT-based piezoelectric ceramics with high piezoelectric properties
Xinjian Wang, Yu Huan, Yixuan Zhu, Peng Zhang, Wenlong Yang, Peng Li, Tao Wei, Longtu Li, Xiaohui Wang
Abstract
Abstract The intrinsic conduction mechanism and optimal sintering atmosphere of (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 )(Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 )O 3 (BCZT) ceramics were regulated by Mn-doping element in this work. By Hall and impedance analysis, the undoped BCZT ceramics exhibit a typical n-type conduction mechanism, and the electron concentration decreases with the increasing oxygen partial pressure. Therefore, the undoped ceramics exhibit best electrical properties (piezoelectrical constant d 33 = 585 pC·N −1 , electro-mechanical coupling factor k p = 56%) in O 2 . A handful of Mn-doping element would transfer the conduction mechanism from n-type into p-type. And the hole concentration reduces with the decreasing oxygen partial pressure for Mn-doped BCZT ceramics. Therefore, the Mn-doped ceramics sintered in N2 have the highest insulation resistance and best piezoelectric properties ( d 33 = 505 pC·N −1 , k p = 50%). The experimental results demonstrate that the Mn-doping element can effectively adjust the intrinsic conduction mechanism and then predict the optimal atmosphere.