中国高黎贡山兽类多样性、分布和保护研究
Li Quan, Xueyou Li, Li Xue-You, Hu Wen-Qiang, Shui-Wang He, Hongjiao Wang, Wang Hong-Jiao, Meng-Cheng Li, Li Meng-Cheng, Otieno Onditi Kenneth, Chen Zhong-Zheng, Pu Chang-Zhe, Xiong Yun, Rao Cai-Hong, Zhang Fu-You, Zuo Chang-Sheng, Jiang Xue-Long, 高黎贡山森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站 & 独龙江森林生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 云南 昆明 650223, 中国, 中国科学院大学, 北京 101408, 中国, 大理大学病原与媒介生物研究所云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室, 云南 大理 671000, 中国, 安徽师范大学生态与环境学院, 安徽 芜湖 241002, 中国, 高黎贡山国家级自然保护区贡山管护局, 云南 怒江 673500, 中国, 高黎贡山国家级自然保护区福贡管护局, 云南 怒江 673400, 中国, 高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山管护局, 云南 保山 678000, 中国, 云南铜壁关省级自然保护区管护局, 云南 德宏 679300, 中国, Gongshan Administrative Sub-Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Nujiang, Yunnan 673500, China, Fugong Administrative Sub-Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Nujiang, Yunnan 673400, China, Baoshan Administrative Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China, Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Dehong, Yunnan 679300, China
Abstract
Gaoligong Mountain (hereafter, GLGM) is located at the intersection of Myanmar and China’s Yunnan Province and Xizang Zizhiqu, and spans three globally significant biodiversity hotspots: the Himalayas, Indo-Burma, and the Mountains of Southwest China. Although surveys of mammals in this ecologically important region have a long history, there is no comprehensive systematic checklist and distribution account of the mammals of GLGM. Here, we compiled a mammal species checklist of GLGM based on thorough field investigations and literature reviews. We also examined specimen collections and applied camera trapping surveys to explore the region’s mammal diversity and distribution patterns. We recorded 212 mammal species in nine orders, 33 families, and 119 genera, which accounts for 30.5% of China’s mammal species, and a high proportion of nationally protected (50) and globally threatened (29) species. Mammal species richness showed a symmetrical unimodal curve along the elevation gradient, peaking at intermediate elevations (2 000 to 2 500 m above sea level (asl)), and increasing generally from south to north, slightly higher in the east slope than in the west. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed three distinct elevational assemblages (<900 m asl., 900–3 500 m asl., and >3 500 m asl) and significant south-to-north variation, but no substantial differences between the east and west slopes. The GLGM present a unique conservation value due to the high proportions of rare and endangered mammal species, complex faunal composition, high endemism, and being the distribution boundary for many species. This study is an important phased account of mammal diversity in GLGM and makes a prospect for future research.