Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Gold Quantum Dots Exert Dual Cytotoxicity Mediated by the Cell Receptor-Activated Apoptotic Pathway in Glioblastoma Cells
Nagendra Kumar Kaushik, Nagendra Kumar Kaushik, Neha Kaushik, Neha Kaushik, Rizwan Wahab, Pradeep Bhartiya, Linh Nhat Nguyen, Farheen Khan, Abdulaziz A. Al‐Khedhairy, Eun Ha Choi
Abstract
Brain cancer malignancies represent an immense challenge for research and clinical oncology. Glioblastoma is the most lethal form of primary malignant brain cancer and is one of the most aggressive forms commonly associated with adverse prognosis and fatal outcome. Currently, combinations of inorganic and organic nanomaterials have been shown to improve survival rates through targeted drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed a dual treatment approach using cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and gold quantum dots (AuQDs) for brain cancer. Our results showed that CAP and AuQDs induced dual cytotoxicity in brain cancer cells via Fas/TRAIL-mediated cell death receptor pathways. Moreover, combination treatment with CAP and AuQDs suppressed the motility and sphere-formation of brain cancer cells, which are recognized indicators of cancer aggressiveness. Taken together, the application of AuQDs can improve the efficiency of CAP against brain cancer cells, posing an excellent opportunity for advancing the treatment of aggressive glioblastomas.