Sponge-Supported Low-Temperature Chemical Synthesis of the Hybrid Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@Ppy Electrode Material for Energy-Storage Devices
Zeenat A. Shaikh, Nanasaheb M. Shinde, Pritamkumar V. Shinde, Sushil S. Sangale, Siddheshwar D. Raut, Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh, Satish Ekar, Mohaseen S. Tamboli, Rajaram S. Mane
Abstract
Most of the electrode materials used in energy-storage devices are either framed or deposited onto a conductive substrate. In the present work, the stretchable, foldable, and flexible commercial sponge, envisaged for cleaning in daily life, has been converted to a conducting material with the help of polypyrrole (PPy). The bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) electrode material of wool ball-like morphology is synthesized over pre-deposited PPy as a hybrid Bi 2 O 3 @PPy electrode using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. Due to the special wool ball-like morphology of Bi 2 O 3 and the porous structure of the PPy@sponge, more active sites with the shortest diffusion pathways for easy and fast electron-ion transportation are dominant. At a current density of 2 A g –1, the hybrid Bi 2 O 3 @PPy electrochemical supercapacitor (SC) exhibits a specific capacitance of 471.2 F g –1, and, even at a high current density of 10 A g –1, nearly 88% of the original capacitance has been retained over 5 K redox cycles. A pencil-type asymmetric supercapacitor designed using Bi 2 O 3 @PPy//graphite rod electrodes has delivered energy densities of 12 Wh kg –1 and 1363.6 W kg –1 of power density by consuming a 1.2 V voltage window in 3.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution, and an excellent 70% cycling stability at a higher current density of 10 A g –1 is maintained. Two asymmetric supercapacitor devices connected in series can shine a red light-emitting diode with full brightness for 2 min, suggesting the energy storage efficacy of Bi 2 O 3 @PPy on the nonconductive substrate.