Stable Isotopic and Metagenomic Analyses Reveal Microbial-Mediated Effects of Microplastics on Sulfur Cycling in Coastal Sediments
Heli Wang, Qian Yang, Dan Li, Junhong Wu, Sen Yang, Yirong Deng, Chunling Luo, Wanglu Jia, Yin Zhong, Ping’an Peng
Abstract
Microplastics are readily accumulated in coastal sediments, where active sulfur (S) cycling takes place. However, the effects of microplastics on S cycling in coastal sediments and their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, the transformation patterns of different S species in mangrove sediments amended with different microplastics and their associated microbial communities were investigated using stable isotopic analysis and metagenomic sequencing. Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microplastics treatment increased sulfate (SO 4 2– ) reduction to yield more acid-volatile S and elementary S, which were subsequently transformed to chromium-reducible S (CRS). The S isotope fractionation between SO 4 2– and CRS in PLA treatment increased by 9.1‰ from days 0 to 20, which was greater than 6.8‰ in the control. In contrast, recalcitrant petroleum-based poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics had less impact on the sulfate reduction, resulting in 7.6 and 7.7‰ of S isotope fractionation between SO 4 2– and CRS from days 0 to 20, respectively. The pronounced S isotope fractionation in PLA treatment was associated with increased relative abundance of Desulfovibrio -related sulfate-reducing bacteria, which contributed a large proportion of the microbial genes responsible for dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Overall, these findings provide insights into the potential impacts of microplastics exposure on the biogeochemical S cycle in coastal sediments.