Exploiting the Potentials of HVAC Systems in Transactive Energy Markets
Fargol Nematkhah, Shahab Bahrami, Farrokh Aminifar, João P. S. Catalào
Abstract
Transactive energy (TE) is a viable framework to tackle the load-generation mismatch in energy systems with high penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs). In this paper, we propose a TE framework for prosumers with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to address real-time power shortage in a residential microgrid. Our framework consists of two phases. First, to mitigate load-generation mismatch, we develop an online appliance scheduling method to determine the optimal operation schedule of each prosumer's appliances. In particular, we apply receding horizon optimization (RHO) to tackle the load and renewable generation uncertainties and to better match the real-time power consumption of the appliances with the priorly-purchased power from the day-ahead market. Second, in case that there still exists power shortage at the microgrid level, a TE market based on pay-as-market clearing price (MCP) is proposed among prosumers to reduce the power consumption of their HVAC systems. We capture the competition among the participating prosumers as a non-cooperative game and develop an algorithm to achieve the Nash equilibrium, while considering prosumers' willingness to participate in the TE market. Extensive simulations are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed TE framework.