Optimizing lead-free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite solar cells by using SCAPS-1D software
Md Nahiduzzaman Nahid, Md. Salman Shah, Hayati Mamur, Rakib Hosen, Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan
Abstract
The lead-free CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 perovskite is essential for absorbing light in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In a photovoltaic (PV) device setup of FTO/STO/CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, it demonstrates excellent PV performance. This device includes sulfur-doped tin oxide (STO) for the layer of electron transport (ETL), CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 as the absorber, and the hole transport layer (HTL) is Spiro-OMeTAD. The upper and back contacts consist of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and gold (Au), connecting these layers. Several parameters were estimated using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) program, including the thickness, acceptor and donor densities, series and shunt resistances, and temperature. The absorber, HTL, ETL, and FTO thicknesses were set at 1000 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, and 50 nm, respectively, to find the perfect configuration. Densities of acceptors and donors were maintained at 10 19 cm −3 , 2.0 × 10 19 cm −3 , 2.0 × 10 18 cm −3 , and 10 18 cm −3 for the absorber, HTL, ETL, and FTO, respectively, at an operating temperature of 300K. The device configuration exhibited reduced series resistance and increased shunt resistance, optimized with a back contact metal of Au. The idealized model demonstrated significant PV execution characteristics, including 1.117 V for open-circuit voltage (V OC ), 28.88 mA/cm 2 for short-circuit current density (J SC ), 88.47 % for fill factor (FF), and 28.55 % for power conversion efficiency (PCE) under the AM1.5G spectrum. Additionally, the device displayed an average quantum efficiency (QE) of approximately 88.30 % at visible light wavelengths. PSC performance. • Development of perovskite solar cell. • Enhanced the efficiency of the FTO/STO/CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/Au solar cell structure. • Prospects of the renewable and sustainable energy sector. • The SCAPS 1D software provides reliable optical information. • Necessary initiative to assess the different parameters influence.