Interim 2023/2024 Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Primary and Secondary Care in the United Kingdom
Heather Whitaker, Beth Findlay, Jana Zitha, Rosalind Goudie, Katie Hassell, Josie Evans, Panoraia Kalapotharakou, Utkarsh Agrawal, Beatrix Kele, Mark Hamilton, Catherine Moore, Rachel Byford, Julia Stowe, Chris Robertson, Anastasia Couzens, Gavin Jamie, Katja Höschler, Kathleen Pheasant, Elizabeth Button, Catherine Quinot, Timothy Peter Jones, Sneha Anand, Conall Watson, Nick Andrews, Simon de Lusignan, Maria Zambon, Christopher J. Williams, Simon Cottrell, Kimberly Marsh, Jim McMenamin, Jamie Lopez Bernal
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We report 2023/2024 season interim influenza vaccine effectiveness for three studies, namely, primary care in Great Britain, hospital settings in Scotland and hospital settings in England. METHODS: A test negative design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness. RESULTS: Estimated vaccine effectiveness against all influenzas ranged from 63% (95% confidence interval 46 to 75%) to 65% (41 to 79%) among children aged 2-17, from 36% (20 to 49%) to 55% (43 to 65%) among adults 18-64 and from 40% (29 to 50%) to 55% (32 to 70%) among adults aged 65 and over. CONCLUSIONS: During a period of co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) in the United Kingdom, evidence for effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in both children and adults was found.