Porous Ag<sub>2</sub>Se Fabricated by a Modified Cold Sintering Process with the Average <i>zT</i> Around Unity Near Room Temperature
Dulyawich Palaporn, Supree Pinitsoontorn, Ken Kurosaki, G. Jeffrey Snyder
Abstract
Abstract Silver selenide (Ag 2 Se) is a promising material for thermoelectric applications near room temperature. This work proposes a new fabrication route for bulk Ag 2 Se via a modified cold sintering process (mCSP) to enhance its figure‐of‐merit ( zT ). Unlike conventional CSP, mCSP employs thiol‐amine (TA) as a liquid medium that completely undissolves Ag 2 Se, leading to a free flow of the TA solution within interparticle channels. By sintering at temperatures above the boiling point of TA, the liquid evaporates, leaving behind a bulk Ag 2 Se material with a tube‐like porous structure (open pores). These induced defects strongly influence thermoelectric properties of Ag 2 Se, with a substantial increase in the Seebeck coefficient and decrease in electrical conductivity. The overall power factor of the mCSP sample with TA surpasses that of the control sample without TA, consistent with effective band modeling of Ag 2 Se. Moreover, the created micropores during mCSP effectively suppresses the thermal conductivity, leading to a maximum zT above 1.0 at 400 K by optimizing mCSP parameters. Importantly, the average zT within the 300–400 K range is around unity, representing one of the highest reported values. Further optimization of mCSP parameters can enhance average zT beyond unity, making Ag 2 Se more competitive with state‐of‐the‐art materials near room temperature.