CXCL13-producing PD-1<sup>hi</sup>CXCR5<sup>−</sup> helper T cells in chronic inflammation
Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
Abstract
CXCL13-producing PD-1hiCXCR5−CD4+ T cells were discovered in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Further intensive analysis of RA samples led to the proposal of PD-1hiCXCR5−CD4+ T cells as a pathogenic CD4 subset, peripheral helper T (Tph) cells. Tph cells are upregulated also in the peripheral blood of seropositive RA patient and exert B-cell helper activities. Furthermore, Tph cells are associated with other inflammatory conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus, IgG4-related diseases, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and malignant tumors. In this review, molecular feature and pathogenic and beneficial functions of Tph cells in inflammatory conditions are discussed.
Topics & Concepts
CXCL13Rheumatoid arthritisImmunologyInflammationCXCR5MedicineArthritisB cellAntibodyGerminal centerChemokineChemokine receptorT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyImmune Cell Function and InteractionImmunotherapy and Immune Responses