A literature review of slaughterhouse waste valorisation: Techniques, environmental, and economic implications
Dennis S. Ashilenje, Fatma H. Ashour, Mirko Barz, Verónica Belandria, A. Borello, Stéphane Bostyn, Toufik Boushaki, Raffaella Branciari, Joseph K. Bwapwa, Elisa Cerza, Andrea Dell’Orto, Hassan El Bari, Mayuren Govender, Sanae Habchi, Fadoua Karouach, Nourhan H. Khashaba, Lamfeddal Kouisni, Ombretta Marconi, Assunta Marrocchi, Meryem Saber, Brahim Sarh, Cristina Trois, Martina Willenbacher, Volker Wohlgemuth
Abstract
• Detailed exploration of diverse methods for valorising slaughterhouse waste. • Examination of innovative valorisation strategies tailored to African contexts. • Conversion of waste through biochemical and advanced energy methods. • Recovery of minerals from waste improves soil fertility and boosts productivity. • Slaughterhouse waste plays a crucial role in fostering circular economy practices. Managing slaughterhouse waste (SHW) is a critical global challenge. Over the past two decades, the focus on sustainable waste management has intensified, with valorisation emerging as a key solution. This review examines the most significant outcomes of recent advancements in SHW valorisation, particularly from 2010 onward, with an emphasis on African contexts, which remain underrepresented in the literature. Notable results include the successful integration of biochemical processes, advanced waste-to-energy technologies, and nutrient recovery techniques. These approaches have demonstrated measurable outcomes such as significant reductions in environmental impact, enhanced energy recovery, and economic benefits for local communities. Case studies from African countries showcase the effectiveness of specific valorisation strategies, including high-efficiency biogas production and resource recovery, offering practical insights for wider adoption and scalability. Organized into 11 sections, the review identifies key research gaps, such as the need for region-specific technologies and policy frameworks and proposes concrete recommendations for advancing circular economy practices. The ultimate aim is to provide a roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals to drive the sustainable development of SHW management, contributing to global efforts for waste reduction and resource maximization.