Development and Execution of a Production-Scale Continuous [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition
Matthew G. Beaver, En-xuan Zhang, Zhiqing Liu, Song-yuan Zheng, Bin Wang, Jiangping Lu, Jian Tao, Miguel Gonzalez, Siân C. Jones, Jason S. Tedrow
Abstract
This article details the approach to large-scale production of cyclobutane 2 by the continuous-flow [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of maleic anhydride and ethylene, including (1) focused reaction optimization and development of a robust isolation protocol, (2) the approach to equipment design and process safety, and (3) the results of commissioning tests and production runs delivering the target compound at throughputs exceeding 5 kg/day.
Topics & Concepts
Maleic anhydrideContinuous flowCyclobutaneProduction (economics)Scale (ratio)SCALE-UPProcess engineeringEthyleneFlow chemistryComputer scienceIsolation (microbiology)ChemistryOrganic chemistryBiochemical engineeringEngineeringCatalysisRing (chemistry)PhysicsBioinformaticsBiologyClassical mechanicsMacroeconomicsEconomicsCopolymerQuantum mechanicsPolymerInnovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques InnovationRadical Photochemical ReactionsOxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions