The pharmacological treatment and management of hyperhidrosis
Anna Campanati, Stamatios Gregoriou, Adamantia Milia-Argyti, George Kontochristopoulos, Giulia Radi, Federico Diotallevi, Emanuela Martina, Annamaria Offidani
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic hyperhidrosis is a dysfunctional disorder involving eccrine sweat glands, and its impact on patients' daily quality of life is well known. Unlike some years ago, when only poor effective and safe therapeutic alternatives were available, nowadays, several emerging pharmacological active substances have gained significant space as treatment options. AREAS COVERED: The authors report on, in this narrative review, the emerging data from the literature focusing on the pharmacological treatments to draw up a drug treatment flow chart for patients with idiopathic hyperhidrosis, taking into consideration specific differences among axillary, palmoplantar, and craniofacial hyperhidrosis. EXPERT OPINION: Idiopathic hyperhidrosis, regardless of the site of involvement, remains a functional disorder that places a significant burden on patients. After balancing efficacy against adverse events, systemic therapy, although off-label for all forms of hyperhidrosis, can be an added therapeutic option for patients with insufficient response to topical treatment. Until the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hyperhidrosis are clear and the etiological therapeutic approach becomes realistic, the greatest challenge in the therapeutic management of hyperhidrotic patients seems to be the search for the most convenient combination between different therapeutic modalities (topical and systemic agents, and botulinum toxins) to achieve long-term control of the disease symptoms.