Fire decreases soil respiration and its components in terrestrial ecosystems
Luhong Zhou, Shangshi Liu, Yaning Gu, Linfang Wu, Hang‐Wei Hu, Ji‐Zheng He
Abstract
Abstract The impact of fire on above‐ground biomass has significant consequences on soil carbon (C) dynamics, which is essential in predicting the global C budget during the Anthropocene. However, there is considerable spatiotemporal variability in the directions and magnitudes of fire effects on soil respiration, and the drivers associated with these effects are not well understood. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 1327 individual observations from 170 studies to determine the extent to which fire influenced soil total respiration (R s ), heterotrophic respiration (R h ) and autotrophic respiration (R a ). We found fires reduced R s , R h and R a , with an average effect of −11.0%, −17.5% and −40.6%, compared with unburnt sites. Specifically, wildfires significantly reduced R s and R h (−20.4% and −25.0%, respectively), and prescribed fire significantly decreased R a (−74.8%). The influences of fire on R s and its components were moderated by fire severity, season, type, climate zones and biomes. After several years from the time of the fire, the negative effects of fire on R s diminished and then recovered to a state not significantly different from unburnt sites; R h exhibited a similar but decayed temporal response. Similarly, the negative effects on R a disappeared after 3 years following the latest fire. The magnitude of the effect on R s was strongly associated with soil temperature, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen (N) content and N‐acquiring enzyme activity. In contrast, the magnitude of the effect on R h significantly changed with pH, bulk density, texture, soil C and nutrient contents, and C‐acquiring enzyme activity. Our findings advance the understanding of the inhibition and associated mechanisms of fire on R s and its components, highlighting the need for new research efforts to predict the spatial‐temporal shifts in underground C‐cycling induced by fire. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.