Voltammetric Determination of Hg<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Pb<sup>2+</sup>Ions Using a PEDOT/NTA-Modified Electrode
Jasim Alshawi, Mohammed Qasim Mohammed, Hasan F. Alesary, Hani K. Ismail, Stephen Barton
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensor for determining trace levels of Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ ions in water using square wave voltammetry (SWV) is reported. The sensor is based on a platinum electrode (Pt) modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and N ,N -bis-(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine hydrate (NTA lysine) PEDOT/NTA. The modified electrode surface (PEDOT/NTA) was prepared via the introduction of the lysine-NTA group to a PEDOT/N-hydroxyphthalimide NHP electrode. The (PEDOT/NTA) was characterized via cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of scan rates on the electrochemical properties of the polymer electrode were also investigated. The electrochemical results were used to estimate the coverage of the electrode polymer surface and its electrostability in background electrolyte solutions. Several analytical parameters, such as polymer film thickness, metal deposition time, and pH of the electrolyte, were examined. Linear responses to Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ ions in the concentration range of 5-100 g L -1 were obtained. The limits of detection (LODs) for the determination of Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ ions were 1.73, 2.33, and 1.99 g L -1 , respectively. These promising results revealed that modified PEDOT/NTA films might well represent an important addition to existing electrochemical sensor technologies.