Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Perspectives on Transgender Athletes
Natalie Nokoff, Jonathon W. Senefeld, Csilla Krausz, Sandra K. Hunter, Michael J. Joyner
Abstract
Sex hormone concentrations, particularly testosterone, are primary determinants of sex-based differences in athletic and sports performance, and this relationship may inform fair competition and participation for athletes. This article describes the sex-based dichotomy in testosterone and the implications for sex-based differences in individual sports performance, including factors that relate to athletic performance for transgender individuals, and areas of future investigation.
Topics & Concepts
AthletesTransgenderTestosterone (patch)PsychologyClinical psychologyMedicinePhysical therapyEndocrinologyPsychoanalysisHormonal and reproductive studiesDoping in SportsSports, Gender, and Society