Environmental Considerations in Long-Term Generation Expansion Planning with Emission Limitations: An Analysis of the Sulawesi Power System in Indonesia
Ahmad Adhiim Muthahhari, Lesnanto Multa Putranto, Sarjiya Sarjiya, Tumiran, Faqih Shokhib Anugerah, Adi Priyanto, Suroso Isnandar, Ira Savitri
Abstract
One of the problems faced by most countries in the world is ensuring energy security and climate change issues at the same time. Generation expansion planning (GEP) that considers the environmental aspect is required. GEP needs to consider CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission production to ensure energy and environmental sustainability in the future year. In this paper, Long-Term GEP performed with variable renewable energy (VRE) and emission limitation to achieve Indonesian Government emission reduction target mentioned in RUPTL document. This paper uses the Sulawesi power system as a study case to perform the Long-term GEP. Considering the emission limit in the GEP, the renewable energy mix is increased and meet the Indonesian government’s target for 31% renewable energy mix in 2050. The renewable energy mix increased from 26.57% to 32.39% in 2050. With those energy mixes, the average CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission reduces from 41.96 Mtons to 27.04 Mtons. The limitation of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission produces a higher total cost. Total costs increase from 113,107 million dollars to 129,074 million dollars while considering the environmental aspect.