The Evolution of Anticancer 3D In Vitro Models: The Potential Role of Machine Learning and AI in the Next Generation of Animal-Free Experiments
Carolina Momoli, Beatrice Costa, L. Lenti, Matilde Tubertini, Marco Parenti, Elisa Martella, Greta Varchi, Claudia Ferroni
Abstract
The development of anticancer therapies has increasingly relied on advanced 3D in vitro models, which more accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment compared to traditional 2D cultures. This review describes the evolution of these 3D models, highlighting significant advancements and their impact on cancer research. We discuss the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing the predictive power and efficiency of these models, potentially reducing the dependence on animal testing. ML and AI offer innovative approaches for analyzing complex data, optimizing experimental conditions, and predicting therapeutic outcomes with higher accuracy. By leveraging these technologies, the next generation of 3D in vitro models could revolutionize anticancer drug development, offering effective alternatives to animal experiments.