Carbon dioxide utilization: A critical review from multiscale perspective
Muhammad Yousaf, Muhammad Zaman, Asif Mahmood, Muhammad Imran, Ali Elkamel, Muhammad Rizwan, Tabbi Wilberforce, Fahid Riaz
Abstract
Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions contribute considerably towards increasing greenhouse effect. Carbon capture and storage can reduce CO 2 emissions to a great extent but lacks economic feasibility. The economic feasibility of CO 2 capture could be boosted by utilizing the captured gas to produce valuable end products. CO 2 is a highly stable molecule; therefore, special catalysts and elevated conditions of temperature and pressure are required for its conversion. This review presents the current status of CO 2 utilization processes from various aspects, including thermodynamic, economic, and environmental impacts. The use of process systems engineering (PSE) tools and techniques in a broad spectrum, to improve the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of these processes, is the major focus of this review. In this regard, a framework has also been presented showing the integration of various PSE techniques. All the related information in the form of tabulated data as well as qualitative and quantitative plots have been presented and critically analyzed.