Experimental models for preclinical research in kidney disease
Jin Miao, 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院肾脏病中心, 浙江大学肾脏病研究所, 浙江省肾脏疾病防治技术研究重点实验室, 浙江省肾脏与泌尿系统疾病临床研究中心, 浙江 杭州 310003, 中国, Huanhuan Zhu, Junni Wang, Jianghua Chen, Fei Han, Weiqiang Lin, 浙江大学医学院附属第四医院肾病科, 浙江大学"一带一路"国际医学院, 浙江大学国际健康医学研究院再生与衰老医学中心, 浙江 义乌 322000, 中国
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk, resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia, sepsis, drug toxicity, and diabetes mellitus. Numerous preclinical models have been developed to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for kidney diseases. Among these, rodent models have proven to be powerful tools in the discovery of novel therapeutics, while the development of kidney organoids has emerged as a promising advancement in the field. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction methodologies, underlying biological mechanisms, and recent therapeutic developments across different AKI and CKD models. Additionally, this review summarizes the advantages, limitations, and challenges inherent in these preclinical models, thereby contributing robust evidence to support the development of effective therapeutic strategies.