<i>Citrus limetta</i> Peel-Derived Catalyst for Sustainable Production of Biodiesel
Gaurav Yadav, Md. Ahmaruzzaman
Abstract
C NMR. The excellent biodiesel conversion of 96% was obtained using optimized conditions, i.e., 1:20 of OA/MeOH, 5 wt % catalyst loading, 70 °C temperature, and 3 h. The catalyst shows 87% conversion in just 1 h, and the maximum conversion was found to be ≈96%. This high activity of the catalyst can be attributed to the presence of sulfonic groups and its porous nature. The formed catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity up to three cycles.
Topics & Concepts
CatalysisThermogravimetric analysisFourier transform infrared spectroscopyBiodiesel productionBiodieselNuclear chemistryX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyMaterials scienceDesorptionScanning electron microscopeChemistryAdsorptionChemical engineeringOrganic chemistryComposite materialEngineeringBiodiesel Production and ApplicationsCatalysis and Hydrodesulfurization StudiesCatalysis for Biomass Conversion