Heterogeneous Catalysis of Second Generation Oil for Biodiesel Production: A Review
Fatai Alade Aderibigbe, Suleiman Shiru, Harvis Bamidele Saka, M. K. Amosa, Sherif Ishola Mustapha, M. I. AL‐HASSAN, Ayoade L. Adejumo, Morufudeen Abdulraheem, R. U. Owolabi
Abstract
Abstract The demand for cleaner fuels has been on the rise lately, prompting researchers to explore alternative cleaner technologies to meet the growing demand. This has led to the introduction of renewable fuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel. Depending on the feedstock employed for production, renewable fuels can be divided into first, second, and third generation. Reliance on first generation biofuel feedstocks has led to inherent competition between foods versus fuels in the society in the last decade. Further technological prospects in research and development have provided insight into the use of second generation biofuel feed‐stocks from non‐edible agricultural waste products, energy crops, and crop residues. Zeolites and modified zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts have been highly prospective for the transesterification process of these oils. Modified zeolite can act as a bi‐functional catalyst because of its acidic and basic sites. Here, a review of transesterification reaction technology, zeolite and modified zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst to generate biodiesel was discussed. Current status, challenges and future prospects are also discussed.