The role of GDF11 during inflammation – An overview
Weronika Machelak, Adrian Szczepaniak, Damian Jacenik, Marta Zielińska
Abstract
GDF11 (Growth differentiation factor 11) is a newly discovered member of family of transforming growth factors-β. Its crucial role was confirmed in physiology, i.e. embryogenesis due to its involvement in bone formation, skeletogenesis and it is essential to stating skeletal pattern. GDF11 is described as a rejuvenating and anti-aging molecule, that could even restore functions. Beside embryogenesis, GDF11 participates in the process of inflammation and carcinogenesis. An anti-inflammatory effect of GDF11 was found in experimental colitis, psoriasis and arthritis. Current data regarding liver fibrosis and renal injury indicate that GDF11 may act as pro-inflammatory agent. In this review, we describe its involvement in regulation of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.