Zeolite-Enhanced Sustainable Pd-Catalyzed C–C Cross-Coupling Reaction: Controlled Release and Capture of Palladium
Yanyan Wang, Jiaping Liao, Zunyuan Xie, Kan Zhang, Ya Wu, Zuo Ping, Weiqiang Zhang, Jiyang Li, Ziwei Gao
Abstract
Supported palladium catalysts have attracted significant attention for use in cross-coupling reactions due to their recyclability. However, the inevitable progressive loss of Pd that occurs in the catalytic process deactivates the catalysts, which hinders their sustainable application. Herein, we report a zeolite-enhanced sustainable Pd catalyst for C–C cross-coupling reactions. Zeolite does a good job of acting as a sink for Pd2+ ions. This catalyst exhibits an excellent homogeneous catalytic performance by releasing Pd species from zeolite. In addition, the Pd2+ ions were successfully recaptured in a controlled catalytic system by combining the uniform microporous structure and good adsorption features of zeolite. The release/capture mechanism of the Pd species guaranteed the high loading and high dispersion of Pd on the recycled catalyst. The 0.84%Pd@USY catalysts were reused at least 10 times in water without an appreciable reduction in activity. This study presents a new perspective toward the design of a highly efficient and sustainable supported metal catalyst.