Could Radiofrequency Echographic Multi‐Spectrometry (<scp>REMS</scp>) Overcome the Limitations of <scp>BMD</scp> by <scp>DXA</scp> Related to Artifacts? A Series of 3 Cases
Maria Dea Tomai Pitinca, Pietro Fortini, Stefano Gonnelli, Carla Caffarelli
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the gold standard in the evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) and in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.The diagnostic sensitivity of BMD at lumbar spine is frequently reduced by the presence of artifacts. This study aimed to show the usefulness of radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) in determining lumbar BMD in the presence of artifacts with DXA measurements. We present 3 cases in which REMS technology, by the analysis of native raw unfiltered ultrasound signals, appears to be able to recognize and overcome the most common artifacts that affect the value of the BMD by DXA, thus allowing a better assessment of fracture risk.