Toward Energy‐Efficient Alkaline Water Electrolysis: Advances in Mass Transport Optimization and Electrolyzer Design
Qian Zhang, Yawen Hao, Hongjun Chen, Jialu Li, Yifan Zeng, Jinqi Xiong, Yaoti Cheng, Adnan Ozden, Antonio Tricoli, Fengwang Li
Abstract
Abstract Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) offers a promising route for scalable renewable hydrogen production but is constrained by significant multiscale mass‐transport challenges that limit its efficiency and durability. Recent advances in hierarchical membrane structures, gradient porous electrodes, and optimized flow‐field designs have enhanced ionic conductivity, gas separation, and electrolyte distribution. Concurrently, innovative bubble‐management strategies, including surface modifications and external‐field assistance, effectively mitigate gas‐induced transport bottlenecks. Looking forward, emerging intelligent interface platforms that integrate adaptive materials, embedded sensors, and AI‐driven digital twins promise real‐time mass transport control and predictive system optimization. This review synthesizes critical progress and outlines future pathways, emphasizing that integrated materials‐to‐system approaches are essential for advancing robust, efficient, and economically viable hydrogen production.