Introducing a bionanocomposite (Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of Ag nanoparticles embedded <i>Aloe vera</i> gel) for the treatment of cervical carcinoma
Jing‐Kun Yan, Bikash Karmakar, Mohamed Samir A. Zaki, Rihab Osman, Asim Mohammed Abdalla, Ali A. Shati, Attalla F. El‐kott, Fatimah M. Yousef, Sarah S. Aggad, Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
Abstract
Regarding applied, facile, green chemical research, a bio-inspired approach is being reported for the sonochemical synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by Aloe vera gel extract as a natural reducing/stabilising and solid support agent without using any toxic and harmful reagent. The biosynthesized Ag NPs/A. vera gel bionanocomposite was characterised by advanced physicochemical techniques like ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and elemental mapping study. It has been established that Aloe vera gel-stabilized silver nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a mean diameter of around 35–40 nm. To investigate the antioxidant potentials of Ag NPs/A. vera gel, one of the common antioxidant techniques i.e. DPPH was used. The results of DPPH test proved the excellent antioxidant properties of Ag NPs/A. vera gel in comparison to the positive control used i.e. butylated hydroxytoluene. The IC50 of Ag NPs/A. vera gel was 42 µg/mL in the antioxidant test. Thereafter, on having a significant IC50 value in radical scavenging assay, we extended the bio-application of the desired nanocomposite in the anticancer study. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human cervical carcinoma effects of Ag NPs/A. vera gel, MTT assay was used on CC1-PI19, SiHa, HeLa and HNCF-PI52 cell lines. The IC50 of the Ag NPs/A. vera gel was 16, 13, 15 and 11 µg/mL against CC1-PI19, SiHa, HeLa and HNCF-PI52 cell lines, respectively. As mentioned, the Ag NPs/A. vera gel had significant antioxidant and anti-human cervical cancer effects. After approving the above results in the clinical trial studies, the Ag NPs/A. vera gel can be used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of several types of cervical cancers. According to the above results, the significant anti-cervical cancer effects of Ag NPs/A. vera gel are confirmed.