Prediction of early acute kidney injury after trauma using prehospital systolic blood pressure and lactate levels: A prospective validation study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after trauma is a major complication independently associated with a prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality. We previously reported that the prehospital systolic blood pressure (SBP) and early hospital arterial lactate level, along with specific cut-off values, show good performance in the early prediction of AKI using AUC-ROC [1]. The purpose of this study was to prospectively validate whether or not these parameters are predictive of newly occurring AKI after trauma. METHODS: This was a prospective review of trauma patients who were admitted to a single trauma center from January to December 2019. Patients who were <16 years old, who had burns, and who had chronic kidney disease were excluded. AKI was defined according to the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of the kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification based on serum creatinine alone. Patients with a low prehospital SBP (≤126 mmHg) and high lactate levels (≥2.5 mmol/L) were defined as the high-risk group, and other patients were defined as the low-risk group. RESULTS: A total of 489 trauma patients were admitted to our center, of whom 403 were eligible for the study. The high-risk group consisted of 38 patients, and the low-risk group consisted of 365 patients. The incidence of severe AKI in Stage Injury and Failure was significantly higher in the high-risk group (5 patients, 13.2%) than in the low-risk group (7 patients, 1.9%), with an odds ratio of 7.75 and 95% confidence interval of 2.33-25.77. CONCLUSIONS: These predictors showed good performance in the early prediction of severe AKI after trauma. Early prediction of the high-risk groups for severe AKI after trauma prompting early treatment may help improve the prognosis of trauma patients.

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