Distinct immune cell dynamics correlate with the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Tomohiro Takano, Miwa Morikawa, Yu Adachi, Kiyomi Kabasawa, Nicolas Sax, Saya Moriyama, Lin Sun, Masanori Isogawa, Ayae Nishiyama, Taishi Onodera, Kazutaka Terahara, Keisuke Tonouchi, Masashi Nishimura, Kentaro Tomii, Kazuo Yamashita, Takayuki Matsumura, Masaharu Shinkai, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Abstract
[AS]-DCs), and NKT-like cells are revealed as the distinct cell correlates for neutralizing-antibody titers, severity of adverse events, and both, respectively. The cell correlates for neutralizing antibodies or adverse events are consistently associated with elevation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible chemokines, but the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 are expressed in distinct manners between the two correlates: vaccine-induced expression on the neutralizing-antibody correlate and constitutive expression on the adverse-event correlate. The finding may guide vaccine strategies that balance immunogenicity and reactogenicity.