An approach to rapid distributed manufacturing of broad spectrum anti-viral griffithsin using cell-free systems to mitigate pandemics
Shayan Borhani, Max Z. Levine, Lauren R. H. Krumpe, Jennifer A. Wilson, Curtis J. Henrich, Barry R. O’Keefe, Donald C. Lo, G. Sitta Sittampalam, Alexander G. Godfrey, R. Dwayne Lunsford, Venkata Mangalampalli, Dingyin Tao, Christopher A. LeClair, Aaron Thole, Douglas D. Frey, James R. Swartz, Govind Rao
Abstract
This study describes the cell-free biomanufacturing of a broad-spectrum antiviral protein, griffithsin (GRFT) such that it can be produced in microgram quantities with consistent purity and potency in less than 24 h. We demonstrate GRFT production using two independent cell-free systems, one plant and one microbial. Griffithsin purity and quality were verified using standard regulatory metrics. Efficacy was demonstrated in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 and was nearly identical to that of GRFT expressed in vivo. The proposed production process is efficient and can be readily scaled up and deployed wherever a viral pathogen might emerge. The current emergence of viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in frequent updating of existing vaccines and loss of efficacy for front-line monoclonal antibody therapies. Proteins such as GRFT with its efficacious and broad virus neutralizing capability provide a compelling pandemic mitigation strategy to promptly suppress viral emergence at the source of an outbreak.