Effects of temperature and times on the product distribution of bio-oils derived from Typha latifolia pyrolysis as renewable energy
Leni Maulinda, Husni Husin, Nasrul A. Rahman, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Fahrizal Nasution, Nasrul Zainal Abidin, Faisal Faisal, Firda Tirta Yani, Ahmadi Ahmadi
Abstract
Typha latifolia is one of the abundant biomass in nature, which has a high cellulose compound that can potentially be used as a bioenergy source. This study aims to characterize the product distribution of bio-oils and their composition via the pyrolysis process under various temperatures and reaction times, as well as to get better hindsight of the pyrolysis mechanism that occurs. The pyrolysis process was performed at; temperature (300–700 °C), times (30–120 min), and N2 gas flow at 40 mL/min. The best results (in yield of bio-oils) were achieved at T = 400 °C and t = 60 min, about 31.41% (density = 1.27 ± 0.0047 g/cm3; viscosity = 2.26 ± 0.041 cSt; pH = 3.31 ± 0.016; and HHV = 19.57 ± 0142 MJ/kg) with the decreasing of oxygenated-compound peaks since the temperature increased. According to the FT-IR analyses, phenolic functional groups contributed the most to bio-oil composition, which altered the quality of bio-oils resulting in higher calorific values. GC-MS analysis confirmed that the main bio-oils composition were oxygenated-compounds, including phenols (2,6 dimethoxy-; 4-ethyl-, 2-methoxy-; 4-methyl); 1,3-benzenediol; 1,2 ethanediol; 1-hexanol-2ethyl; 1,2-butanediol, 1-phenyl-; and benzoic acids. Overall, these findings could provide critical information and a promising approach for the industry in developing pyrolysis technology as an alternative method to produce bio-oil from Typha latifolia (lignocellulosic-based plants).