Conversion of Bacterial Cellulose to Cellulose Nitrate with High Nitrogen Content as Propellant Ingredient
Siti Hasnawati Jamal, Nursyafiqah Jori Roslan, Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah, Siti Aminah Mohd Noor, Ong Keat Khim, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
Abstract
Cellulose nitrate has attracted great interest amongst researchers due to its uses in wide range of products including paint and gun propellant. Therefore, this work focuses on the synthesis of cellulose nitrate from two different sources of cellulose; plant and bacterial, in order to obtain high percentage of nitrogen content hence suitable for propellant application. The synthesis of cellulose nitrate was carried out via nitration method using nata de coco and kapok ( Ceiba pentadra L ) as a raw materials of cellulose. The samples were then characterized by elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and surface electron morphology (SEM). FTIR analysis showed the presence of NO 2 groups in both nitrocellulose proving that nitrocellulose was successfully synthesized by nitration method even though it was produced from different sources of cellulose. It is also showed nitrocellulose with high percentage of nitrogen content was obtained from bacterial cellulose, 12.69% rather than plant cellulose.