HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): Obstacles to Early Neuropsychological Diagnosis
Zsolt Vastag, Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu, Elena Cecilia Rosca
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in HIV treatment, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) prevalence remains high, especially in the mild forms. Current recommendations endorse routine screening for HAND and early identification, but there are several obstacles in diagnosing and managing cognitive impairment in people living with HIV. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the concepts and diagnostic tools in the field of HAND and report on the strengths and limitations of currently available approaches.
Topics & Concepts
NeurocognitiveMedicineNeuropsychologyCognitive impairmentPsychiatryCognitionNeuropsychological testingNeuropsychological assessmentHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Clinical psychologyDiseaseCognitive declineMEDLINECognitive disorderHIV Research and TreatmentTryptophan and brain disordersObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders