Current management of classic bladder exstrophy in the modern era
Christian Morrill, Ahmad Haffar, Thomas Harris, Chad Crigger, John P. Gearhart
Abstract
Abstract Background Classic bladder exstrophy is a complex, multi-system congenital malformation affecting formation of the genitourinary system, pelvis, and abdominal wall. Main body Historically children with this abnormality were consigned to poor outcomes and quality of life. Modern advancements in the diagnosis and management of this disorder have resulted in low mortality rates and shifted clinical focus toward optimizing quality of life. Conclusion Modern techniques in addition to recent discoveries in the diagnosis and delayed management of this disorder have enabled high rates of urinary continence, genital cosmesis, and an improved quality of life. This is an updated overview of the pathology, diagnosis, and management of this rare disorder.