Predictive Reliability and Fault Management in Exascale Systems
Ramón Canal, Carles Hernández, Rafa Tornero, Alessandro Cilardo, Giuseppe Massari, Federico Reghenzani, William Fornaciari, Marina Zapater, David Atienza, Ariel Oleksiak, Wojciech Piątek, Jaume Abella
Abstract
Performance and power constraints come together with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology scaling in future Exascale systems. Technology scaling makes each individual transistor more prone to faults and, due to the exponential increase in the number of devices per chip, to higher system fault rates. Consequently, High-performance Computing (HPC) systems need to integrate prediction, detection, and recovery mechanisms to cope with faults efficiently. This article reviews fault detection, fault prediction, and recovery techniques in HPC systems, from electronics to system level. We analyze their strengths and limitations. Finally, we identify the promising paths to meet the reliability levels of Exascale systems.