Therapeutic modalities of deferiprone in Parkinson's disease: SKY and EMBARK studies
David Devos, Olivier Rascol, Wassilios G. Meissner, Alexandra Foubert‐Samier, Simon J.G. Lewis, Christine Tranchant, Mathieu Anheim, David Maltête, Philippe Rémy, Karla Eggert, Heidi Pape, Christian Gény, Philippe Couratier, Camille Carroll, Ray Sheridan, David J. Burn, Nicola Pavese, Jason Raw, Daniela Berg, Oksana Suchowersky, Lorraine V. Kalia, Andrew Evans, Sophie Drapier, Téodor Danaila, Alfons Schnitzler, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Gilles Defer, Noemi Toiber Temin, Caroline Fradette, Fernando Tricta, Caroline Moreau, on behalf of a Parkinson's disease study group
Abstract
BackgroundReducing nigrostriatal iron overload reduces neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) models.ObjectiveExamine the safety and efficacy of deferiprone in reducing motor disability progression in dopaminergic-treated and treatment-naïve patients with early-stage PD.MethodsTwo phase II, multicenter studies, SKY and EMBARK, enrolled patients diagnosed with early PD (<3 years from screening). In SKY, patients on stable dopaminergic therapy were randomized 1:1 to one of four dosage (or placebo-matching) cohorts (300, 600, 900, 1200 mg twice daily [BID]) for 9 months. EMBARK enrolled patients on stable dopaminergic therapy or treatment-naïve patients and received 15 mg/kg BID. For both studies, the primary outcome was the change from baseline to month 9 in motor examination score (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS] Part III). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02728843; ANZCTR: ACTRN12617001578392.ResultsOverall, 140 patients were randomized in SKY (28 per cohort). Thirty-six patients enrolled in EMBARK (27 dopaminergic-treated; 9 treatment-naïve). In the SKY study, all doses showed the same worsening as the placebo group, with the exception of the 600 mg dose, which was associated with non-significant reductions in MDS-UPDRS Part III least-squares mean (LSM) between baseline and 9 months (-2-8 points versus placebo). In EMBARK, LSM (SE) changes from baseline in MDS-UPDRS Part III were nonsignificant (-1.6 [1.7]) and significant (8.3 [3.9]) for dopaminergic-treated and treatment-naïve patients, respectively, the latter indicating disease worsening. Adverse events possibly related to deferiprone were reported in 35.7%-88.9% across all deferiprone groups vs. 42.9% for placebo.ConclusionsSKY and EMBARK studies indicate that deferiprone combined with L-dopa does not provide significant motor function benefit, while the absence of L-dopa treatment worsens symptoms.