Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Modeling of Bisphenols in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Accounting for Variations in Metabolic Rates, Brain Distribution, and Liver Accumulation
Ioana Chelcea, Stefan Örn, Timo Hamers, Jacco Koekkoek, Jessica Legradi, Carolina Vogs, Patrik L. Andersson
Abstract
biotransformation rates were determined for 11 selected bisphenols. A physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model was adapted for four of these bisphenols, which was able to predict levels in the gonads, liver, and brain as well as the whole body within a 2-5-fold error with respect to experimental data, covering several important target organs of toxicity. In particular, predicted liver concentrations improved compared to currently available PBTK models. Predicted data indicate that studied bisphenols mainly distribute to the carcass and gonads and less to the brain. Our model provides a tool to increase our understanding on the distribution and kinetics of a group of emerging pollutants.